What is an Algorithm?
In the context of search engines, an algorithm is a set of rules or processes used to determine which web pages appear in search results and in what order. Search engines like Google use complex algorithms to analyse billions of pages and rank them based on relevance, quality, and user intent.
These algorithms evaluate many factors, including keywords, page content, links, site structure, loading speed, mobile compatibility, and user behaviour.
Why Algorithms Matter
Search engine algorithms are at the core of how SEO works. When you optimise your website, you’re essentially trying to align with what the algorithm values most.
Understanding the basic principles behind these algorithms helps you make better decisions about your SEO strategy — from the keywords you target to the structure of your content.
While the exact algorithms are proprietary and constantly evolving, search engines regularly release updates that affect how rankings are calculated. Some well-known Google algorithm updates include:
- Panda – focused on content quality
- Penguin – targeted link spam
- Hummingbird – improved understanding of search intent
- BERT – enhanced natural language processing
- Helpful Content – rewards genuinely useful content
Example in Use
A website that loads quickly, has relevant keywords in key places, uses clear headings, and earns quality backlinks is more likely to rank well because it meets the criteria that the algorithm favours.
If the algorithm is updated to prioritise user experience or mobile usability, sites that already follow those practices are more likely to maintain or improve their rankings.